#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <ranges>
#include <map>


class MyStr {
private:
	std::string word;

public:
	MyStr(const char* str) : word(str) {}

	// friend functions (is not a method) can access private members
	friend bool operator<(const MyStr& self, const MyStr& other) {
		return self.word.length() < other.word.length(); // compare by length
	}

	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const MyStr str) {
		return out << str.word;
	}
};


int main()
{
	std::vector<int> numbers;
	int input;

    std::multimap<MyStr, int> mymap; // map from MyStr to int

    mymap.insert(std::make_pair(MyStr("apple"), 1));
    mymap.insert(std::make_pair(MyStr("banana"), 2));
    mymap.insert(std::make_pair(MyStr("kiwi"), 3));
    mymap.insert(std::make_pair(MyStr("grapefruit"), 4));
    mymap.insert(std::make_pair(MyStr("orange"), 5));

    // Print the multimap content (sorted by MyStr length)
    for (const auto& pair : mymap) {
        std::cout << pair.first << " => " << pair.second << std::endl;
    }

    // Find an entry with key "orange"
    auto it_find = mymap.find(MyStr("orange"));
    if (it_find != mymap.end()) {
        // note that this will find "banana", which is basically the same thing as "orange"... in terms of length
        std::cout << "Found: " << it_find->first << " => " << it_find->second << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "Key 'orange' not found." << std::endl;
    }

    // Find all entries with keys are equal (or equivalent: we cannot decide which one is "less") to "banana"
    auto [start, end] = mymap.equal_range(MyStr("banana"));
    for (auto itr = start; itr != end; ++itr) {
        // This will print both "banana" and "orange"
        std::cout << "Found: " << itr->first << " => " << itr->second << std::endl;
    }

    auto it_baple = mymap.lower_bound(MyStr("baple")); // find first element not less than "baple"
    if (it_baple != mymap.end()) {
        std::cout << "Lower bound for 'baple': " << it_baple->first << " => " << it_baple->second << std::endl;
    } else {
        std::cout << "No lower bound found for 'baple'." << std::endl;
    }
}